Principles

Meaning of ‘interest’

Olde English Tiles v TfNSW [2022] NSWCA 108

OET occupied land under a bare licence terminable at will with no market value.  When the land was compulsorily acquired, OET claimed compensation in what SMH called a ‘high-stakes The Castle-style’ stoush5.  OET argued it had a compensable ‘interest’, namely a ‘privilege over, or in connection with, the land’, …

Environmental consents

Hitchcock v Reed [2022] NSWLEC 81

Development consents are statutory instruments governed by the same rules of construction as statutes7, as Robson J observed here (at [61-63]).  R’s development consent would have lapsed if work had not physically commenced8.  The work had begun, but conditions in the consent were not met.  Did this mean the work …

Consistent usage

R v Jacobs Group [2022] NSWCCA 152

JG pleaded guilty to foreign bribery offences11.  One maximum penalty was potentially three times the ‘benefit’ JG obtained from the offence.  ‘Benefit’ was used elsewhere in the same section to mean gross (not net) benefit.  Did it take the same meaning here?

No, said Bell CJ (at [98-99]).  Although words ‘ordinarily’ …

Industrial awards

D&D Traffic Management v AWU [2022] FCAFC 113

This case (at [47-48]) summarises principles for interpreting industrial awards.  Similar to statutes, the starting point is the natural and ordinary meaning of the award’s words, ‘read as a whole and in context’, with regard to history and subject matter.

Importantly, awards are designed for specific industries, so cannot be read ‘in …

Extrinsic materials

R v RB [2022] NSWCCA 142

Statements in extrinsic materials cannot be substituted for the statutory text1.  They may reveal legislative purpose, but must be subjected to scrutiny and treated with caution.  They can also be wrong2, as this case shows.  The issue was whether sex offence provisions required a relationship to exist or merely the …

Uncertainty

BXS20 v Minister [2022] FedCFamC2G 515

Calculation of administrative fees often presents problems.  In this case, various factors (including increases) made the fees ‘more difficult to calculate’5.  But this ‘did not render the effect of the provisions uncertain’, as Judge Laing held (at [32]).

The court was bound to give effect to the regulations ‘even where they require …

Principle of legality

Smith v R [2022] SASCA 48

Statutes are read not to breach fundamental rights and freedoms, absent clear words8.  This protects against ‘inadvertent and collateral’ contraventions9. The boundaries here are ever being tested10.

In this roadside licence check case11, it was accepted (at [28-29]) there is a common law right to go …

Legislative purpose

LCM Funding v Stanwell [2022] FCAFC 103

Anderson J (at [79]) provides a statement of principle at the very heart of our ‘modern approach’ – ‘Consideration of purpose in statutory interpretation is not optional: s 15AA of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901’12.  It was a ‘clear error’ of an earlier court to forego a purposive approach to a …

Purpose and coherence

Hurley v Collector of Customs [2022] FCAFC 92

Imported alcohol went into home consumption under a permission allowing deferral of duty.  When duty went unpaid, payment demands were served3.  It was conceded H had ‘possession, custody or control’ of the goods, & they were ‘subject to customs control’.

The issue was whether he had failed ‘to keep the …

Principle of legality

NSW v Kaiser [2022] NSWCA 86

This case is about whether a prisoner convicted of manslaughter was a ‘supervised offender’ against whom an ‘extended supervision order’ could be made6.  He said this would restrict his rights contrary to the ‘principle of legality’, which meant the power to make the order should be construed strictly7.

The court …