Principles

Approved forms

Le v Minister [2019] FCAFC 178

A visa applicant who fails to give correct answers in an approved form may have their visa cancelled11.  The applicant answered ‘no’ to whether he was ‘related by blood’ to his partner.  She was a first cousin, and the minister duly cancelled the visa. 

Le argued that, even if forms are not …

Headings

Cavanagh v Wollondilly (No 2) [2019] NSWLEC 181

Our iTip in Episode 23 was ‘be careful with headings’.  This case involved the impact of clause headings in an environmental planning instrument13.  The first thing to look at is whether headings of this kind form part of the instrument in question – here they were not.  Second, the general …

Unsatisfactory consequences

Richmond Football Club v Verraty[2019] VSC 597

The consequences of an interpretation are considered more now than in the past.  They remain difficult arguments to make in practice, however.  This case (at [58]) shows courts are rarely ‘swayed’ by arguments of this kind alone, and that the merits of competing views are to be looked at carefully5.  …

Purpose and objects (again)

Cappello v Roads [2019] NSWCA 227

This appeal, from a case discussed in Episode 48, was dismissed unanimously.  The main point (at [39]) is that the purposes of a statute are not limited only to what an objects clause may state.  Payne JA said that purposes are ‘not to be conflated with the objects of the Act’6, and …

Status of notes

Dentown Pty Ltd v PWI Group [2019] NSWSC 1032

Rees J in this case considered whether a company director had improperly used information to gain an advantage contrary to the Corporations Act10.  In interpreting the provisions, the judge (at [248]) relied on a note to the Act.  Here, notes were part of the Act and had ‘the same …

Teleological approach

Taylor v Attorney-General [2019] HCA 30

Edelman J in this case (at [148]) said reliance on ambiguous statements in an EM ‘would invite a teleological approach to interpretation’14.  What was he getting at?  The context was the meaning of ‘private prosecution’ in the War Crimes Act 1945, where the EM had said that it was ‘desirable to …

Adding words

Pell v The Queen [2019] VSCA 186

The accused was convicted of child sex offences and jailed for 6 years.  Appeal ground 3 was that he had not been arraigned ‘in the presence of’ the jury2.  With his consent, the jury had seen the process in full via video-link.  All judges rejected the argument that ‘presence’ meant only …

Deeming provisions

Firefighters Benefit Fund v FCT [2019] AATA 2775

ITAA36 s 121 says that an association of persons formed for the purpose of insuring them against loss, damage or risk ‘is taken … to be a company carrying on the business of insurance’.  The fund argued that, despite this, it was not an entity of this kind because insurance legislation definitions …

Meaning of ‘day’

Mondelez v AMWU [2019] FCAFC 138

For each year of service, an employee was ‘entitled to 10 days of paid personal/carer’s leave’6.  X worked three 12 hour shifts a week, rather than standard hours for the same total.  Was X entitled to 10 days at 7.2 hours per day under the ‘industrial’ meaning of ‘day’, or 10 days …

Accrued rights

Fitzpatrick v Lifetime Support [2019] SASCFC 97

A scheme for future care10 sought to exclude rights to common law damages11.  Legislation is usually not read this way unless a contrary intention appears12.  In this case, however, there was an unmistakeable policy to exclude those rights, manifested by the alternative compensation the scheme provided. 

A narrow …